Checks and Balances Essay - 956 Words

Checks and Balances The doctrine of separation of powers developed over many centuries. This practice doctrine can be traced to the British Parliaments gradual assertion of power and resistance to royal decrees during the 14th century. Political theorist, John Locke wrote about the concept of separation of powers in his Second Treatise of Government (1690). In the United States, the separation of powers is a fundamental constitutional principle. The framers of this Constitution saw the need to divide power within the government to prevent a single group from ruthlessly taking over the country. Articles I through III of the Constitution of the United States place each of the basic powers of government in a separate branch. This†¦show more content†¦The legislative branch, Congress, has the power to make laws valid for the whole country. Powers like the regulation of taxes, regulation of commerce between the states and with foreign countries, the power to declare war, and the power to impeach the President are some of the issues the legislative branch has to deal with. Congress has two chambers (or houses): the Senate and the House of Representatives (the house). Executive power is vested in the office of the President of the United States. The President has the dual role of being the chief of state and the head of government. The President is also commander in chief of the armed forces. He issues executive orders, and appoints Supreme Court justices (with senate approval). The president is also called the chief legislator because he indirectly proposes many bills, considers all bills from Congress and signs them into law or vetoes them. Judicial power is given to the Supreme Court. All nine federal judges are appointed by the President and serve during good behavior, usually meaning for life. The judges cannot be removed from office except for criminal behavior or malfeasance. This makes them less vulnerable to political pressure and outside influence. The main feature of the independent role for the courts lies in their power to interpret the Constitution. They review the constitutionality of laws and executive orders. There areShow MoreRelatedChecks and Balances678 Words   |  3 PagesCivilization. Checks and balances The Constitution separates the power of government into three branches: the legislative power is vested in the Congress, the executive power rests with the President and his bureaucracy and the judicial power is granted to the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Whereas each branch of government has separate and particular powers as listed in the Constitution, each branch is also given the power, duty and ability to control and balance the other(s) in a systemRead MoreChecks and Balances1128 Words   |  5 Pages Checks and Balances. Checks and balances is a system that is a part of out U.S. Constitution. This system was put in to place so that no part of government would have too much power. The three branches: judicial, legislative and executive are constantly granting and checking the other branches actions, this is to make sure no one person can gain an excessive amount of control in government. For example according to , the legislative branch is in charge of making laws. The executive branch canRead MoreThe System Of Checks And Balances859 Words   |  4 PagesKevin nunez Power and Politics midterm essay. DR. Zagorcheva Explain the system of checks and balances within the American government and its significance. Be sure to provide examples and discuss alternative views. The purpose for our Constitution was to implement a new government with three equal branches that balance and check each other. The three branches are formed and is important that the maintain balance in Legislative, executive and Judiciary branches in order for our government to notRead MoreChecks and Balances Essay852 Words   |  4 Pageshave some control over the other branches. The three branches ultimately work together to give us the government we know today. The following will explain the responsibilities and restrictions each branch of government are given, and how they ‘check and balance’ each other. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws and includes Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members, two from each state. The house of representatives is made up of 435 membersRead MoreThe System Of Checks And Balances Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesflow of power in the system of checks and balances was created to protect the principles of democracy and sovereignty in the United States, But Even though there is a separation of powers, its clear to argue that the executive branch(President) is the most important branch and there are flaws in the system of checks and balances. II Signifigance of the Topic The system of checks and balances is an significant part of the Constitution because With checks and balances, each of the three branches ofRead MoreChecks and Balances Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesChecks and balances In the United States Constitution, there is a specific system designed to prevent one of the three branches from gaining control or much power. This system is known as Checks and Balances. The system has been put on the effect due to many instances over the course of the year history. The designed system of Checks and Balances is very open yet complex. For example, if the President executive is not fulfilling his responsibilities as a leader or behaving inappropriately, the LegislativeRead MoreChecks And Balances Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesCreating checks and balances in the United States (US) Government was a goal achieved by dividing power into three governmental branches; legislative branch (Congress), executive branch (Presidency), and a judiciary branch. The power flows from the Judicial Branch to both Congress and Presidency and back again from both branches. The power also flows back and forth between Congress and the Presidency. According to Founder James Madison, they h ad to â€Å"enable the government to control the governed,Read MoreSystem Of Checks And Balances1114 Words   |  5 Pagesby one branch that could ultimately lead to an authoritarian regime. In order to do this, the drafters of the Constitution implemented a system of checks and balances in nearly all aspects of the new republics government. One of these checks and balances was the distribution of foreign policy power between Congress and the President. This balance of power would be an important deterrent to one branch of the government abusing its power which could result in catastrophic decisions such as draggingRead MoreChecks and Balances Essay636 Words   |  3 PagesBen Favorite POL 101 American Government J. M. Pullen 3/15/12 Checks and Balances In late 2011 President Obama sent troops to Libya to aid in the search for Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, and he did so without congressional approval. Under the War Powers Resolution the President has 60 days (in some cases 90 days) to acquire permission from congress for the mission to continue. However when Mr. Obama passed the 60 day deadline without congressional approval, the question was posed, â€Å"Does PresidentRead MoreSeparation of Powers and Checks and Balances654 Words   |  3 PagesThere are both similarities and differences, when referring to checks and balances and separation of powers. Both have to do with the Government. But separation of powers is a model of government in which different parts of the government are in charge of different tasks; in the United States, these parts are known as the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Checks and balances is a means of trying to ensure that these three parts of government stay equal, and that one does not try to take over

Review Of The Of A Bad Romance By James Joyce And...

Erycha Nicolas Mr. Garcia LIT 2110 October 8, 2014 Caught In A Bad Romance Focusing upon love as an obsession, it can be thought that the characters in â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce and Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton developed a case of obsessive love disorder. Obsessive love disorder is an extreme form of love that turns into an obsession over time, but sometimes, it could never have started from love at all. In â€Å"Araby,† we are introduced to a main character that, for the first time, has the opportunity to impress the girl he is in love with by going to Araby, a local bazaar. In his case, his obsessive love disorder stems from just an obsession as he may not have even understood what love was to really identify with it and because the girl did not at all reciprocate his infatuation, nor was even aware of such feelings. He can be considered an erotomaniac as he has the symptoms of the syndrome. The young boy’s obsession is best proven when he mentions activities that can be perceived as â€Å"stalkerish† and erotomania is the only psychiatric diagnosis associated with stalking (Griffiths). Every morning he lies â€Å"on the floor in the front parlour watching her door† and he even goes so far as having the blind â€Å"pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen.† He just spends his time following the girl without even speaki ng to her. They’ve only had a brief conversation where the girl asks him if he was going to Araby and, because she could not go herself, the boy

Resource Integration Management of Food Industry †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Resource Integration Management of Food Industry. Answer: Introduction Resource integration technique is synonymous to Integrated Resource Management (IRM). The veritable question is centered on the development of resource integration technique. Integrated Resource Management is defined as an overarching planning process (Rothaermel,2015). The composite planning process considers all the available resources that develop sustainable benefits. The Integrated ResourceManagement process entails many steps. It involves creating a team, adumbrating the layout of the project, discerning various issues, developing strategic concepts and executing the project (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The resource integration technique entails development of the project from initiation to its logical culmination. The assignment reflects on the resource integration techniques prevalent in the industry. The industry that is selected is food industry. Based on the selection of the industry, the company chosen is Fonterra New Zealand Company. In the assignment, one has to identify the principal area (food industry) and a case study is prepared based on the identification of the area. The assignment outlines three key questions and manifests resource integration techniques prevalent in the industry. The assignment juxtaposes theoretical paradigms and practical experimentation. The industry that is selected is food industry. The chosen company is Fonterra New Zealand Company. In the recent time, Fonterra captures the global market and ranks sixth in the whole world. At the same time, it is the largest international trader, as far as milk products are concerned. The sales of Fonterra can be pegged at a humble 2% CAGR over the past several years (Nilsson Rydberg, 2015). Research Question The assignment explores the strategicmanagement of food industry. The company that is selected is Fonterra New Zealand. Based on the learning outcomes, three research questions are formulated. The research questions are enumerated as follows: How would one dissect strategic concepts that determine planning, policy development and the organization of Fonterra New Zealand Company? What are the cardinal perspectives, patterns of designs and their repercussions for production, sustenance policy, and delivery? How would one evaluate exterior consultancy needs and performance expectations of Fonterra New Zealand Company? Application of Resource Integration Technique Dairy needs have been increasing exponentially. The demand is growing at a modest 2.7% per year. The growth of dairy is tantamount to 147 billion liters in the recent time. Fonterra gains a strong dimension in the global markets (Bansal et al., 2014). The markets of India are trade-protected and the established currents of Fonterra have been thwarted. However, Fonterra maintains a strong position both nationally and globally. The strategy of Fonterra is to establish robust customer liaison with leading enterprises in the food and healthcare sectors (Frow et al., 2015). Fonterra carves out a unique space in the dairy market in New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East and the USA. Subsequently, Fonterra becomes a significant supplier and establish their brands in industries based in Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America (Shelley Andrews, 2015). Global Outreach and Statistical Report In the present time, several customers require an appropriate supply of dairy products. Fonterra is logically superseding New Zealand-sourced dairy products and began to manage the foreign supply. It helps to give and continue bolstering the improvement of fresh client dairy products. In the mid-21st century, Fonterra delivered 22 billion liters of milk across the globe, which includes 20% of output of Australia and 24% belongs to Chile. Both Australia and Chile operate as influential buyers of Fonterra. In the regions of Latin America, Fonterra delivers 2.6 billion liters of milk, along with Nestle (Sparrow et al., 2016). Fonterra and Nestle capture the dairy market of Latin America and parts of Asia. In the regions of New Zealand, milk accumulation can be pegged at 15.4 billion liters. Fonterra carves out a unique space in the domain of dairy product marketing. It begins to witness incessant development, as far as market segmentation and strategic organization are concerned. China is an important client nation and there are strategic points that are incorporating openings in various markets, for instance, India. The dairy industry of New Zealand and Fonterra are inseparable. The dairy industry is vital to the advancement of the dairy farming of New Zealand. The development of dairy market is indispensable, as far as national economy is concerned. The composite revenue accumulation of the dairy firms of New Zealand can be pegged at NZ$18 billion. The total turnover of New Zealand-based dairy firms is generally NZ$18 billion. Fonterra is responsible for 90% of dairy farming and dairy products manufacturing in New Zealand. Key Organization and Resource Integration of Fonterra The New Zealand government allows Fonterra to function without any restraint. At the same time, it is given an opportunity to promote a national theme (New Zealands Nokia) that would propel fiscal and monetary improvement in New Zealand (Smith, 2014). This typical improvement has not shown up. In the recent time, there has been a hot bed of controversy in dairy industry circles, government and in the general media. The discussion revolves around the global outreach and expansion of Fonterra (Shadboltet al., 2014). The major decisions have been considered by the Fonterra Board. It aims to improve the economy and fiscal administration of New Zealand. The New Zealand dairy enterprise is enhanced by the contribution of Fonterra and its associate (Shadboltet al., 2016). Taking after contribution from observers, the document has created from being a valuable truth based situation outline into a fundamentally more grounded indispensable decisions report. Examination of Results, Critique, and Recommendations Itis suggestedthat the proprietors ofFonterrapick a crucial heading and after that use this to drive ownership structure in an unexpected way. Eventually, the method looked for after will suggest or choose the cognizant ownership structure forFonterra(then again, if proprietorship structureis settled, indispensable decisionsare limited) Fonterra becomes the potential exporter of dairy products to the regions of North America and Europe. It makes the ingredients of Fonterra supreme among other dairy merchandise (Nyberget al., 2014). Taking after the method for Kerry into a more broad extent of fixings is a for the most part clear technique, however not without its challenges. Transformed into the greatest refrigerated buyer things bargains and advancing relationship in Australasia. Make "FonterraFoods", harden client dairy promote in New Zealand and acquire necessary associations to grow appreciation (Krajewskiet al., 2013). In order to float the New Zealand dairy business, it would f ree up capital from what aclichcreate a business in a decent shape, low advancement feature.Fonterraturns into the greatest customer dairy things association in the Southern Hemisphere with a persuasivepositionover each and every huge market.Fonterraoccupies a significant space in the domain of New Zealand dairy industry (Kerzner, 2013). Fonterra becomes the greatest supplier of dairy products of infants across the globe (Rowarth, 2013). The Fonterra Nutrition occupies an important space, as far as the infant health care is concerned. It exports nutrition and health products to other parts of Asia and New Zealand.Fonterracould then secure no less than one imperative infant kid formula associations as a strategy for expanding the benefit of existing milk powder conveys, yet this will likely be astoundingly expensive. Conclusion The assignment reflected on the resource integration techniques prevalent in the industry. The industry that is selected is food and beverage industry. Based on the selection of the industry, Fonterra New Zealand Company is selected. The assignment identifies the key area and focuses on the integratedmanagement strategies that gave a new mold to the enterprise. Based on the principal resource integration strategies, the organizational structure of Fonterra New Zealand is discussed and evaluated. The statistical analysis claims that the revenues of Fonterra New Zealand overshadowed the business of Cadbury, Nestle and other premium dairy companies of New Zealand. Speaking in a nutshell, Fonterra New Zealand has the capacity to rule the market. At the other end of the spectrum, Cadbury New Zealand needs more consultation, as far as its organizational framework and its positioning in the New Zealand market is concerned. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resourcemanagement practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bansal, Bhavya, and Aishvarya Bansal. "Approaches of Cadbury Schweppes Company to manage its human resources and business strategies." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (2014): 36. Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A., Storbacka, K. (2015). Managing Co?creation Design: A Strategic Approach to Innovation. British Journal of Management, 26(3), 463-483. Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013). Operations management: Processes and supply chains (Vol. 1). New York: Pearson. Nilsson, J., Rydberg, C. (2015). Factors behind the Fonterra shareholders rejection of the boards capital restructuring plan of 2007. Nyberg, A. J., Moliterno, T. P., Hale Jr, D., Lepak, D. P. (2014). Resource-based perspectives on unit-level human capital: A review and integration. Journal of Management, 40(1), 316-346. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015). Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Rowarth, J. S. (2013). DAIRY COWS? ECONOMIC PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. Ecosystem Services in New Zealand? Conditions and Trends, 85-93. Shadbolt, N. M., Duncan, A. (2014). Fonterra as a case study of co-operative capital structure innovation. International Summit of Cooperatives, Quebec, Canada, 6-9. Shadbolt?a, N. M., Apparao, D. (2016). Factors Influencing the Dairy Trade from New Zealand. EVERY GENERATION NEEDS ITS LEADERS., 241. Shelley, A., Andrews, H. (2015). Economic Benefits to New Zealand from Beyond-Line-of-Sight Operation of UAVs. Smith, L. G. (2014). Impact assessment and sustainable resource management. Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016). Globalizing human resource management. Routledge.

Zerubabbel As A Messianic Figure. Essays - Exilarchs, Return To Zion

Zerubabbel as a Messianic figure. As my text, I am using the book of Haggai 2:23: "In that day, saith the Lord of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerubbabel,, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and will make thee as a signet: for I have chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts." Thus, the messianic promise was passed onto Zerubbabel, the man that God entrusted to be the governor of God's people upon their return to Israel, and with the rebuilding of the Temple at Jerusalem. Zerubbabel was a leader, a man of God, and a faithful servant to God's will. Zerubbabel was a messianic figure. This can be seen in a series of comparisons and contrast to Christ and His work. To begin, Zerubbabel was the son of Shealtiel and the grandson of Jehoiachin this is referenced in Ezra 3:2; and Matt 1:12). In I Chronicles 3:19 he is said to be the son of Pedaiah, Shealtiel's' brother. The explanation for this apparent discrepancy is very likely that Shealtiel died without having a son; and either his nephew was his legal heir and therefore called his son (reference here to Exod 2:10), or else; Pedaiah married his brother's widow and, therefore, Zerubbabel became Shealtiel's son by levirate law as can be referenced in Deut 25:5-10. In 1 Chronicles 3:17-19, Zerubabbel is listed as the heir to the throne of Judah. He is also listed in the genealogy of Christ Jesus in Matt 1:14, and Luke 3:27. He is, therefore, by linage of the House of David, and under the Davidic covenant. Zerubabbel lived in exile in Babylonia with the his fellow Israelites. However, God reigns Sovereign over creation, including the nations of the world. As part of God's process to return His people to the Judah, God delivered the Babylonian empire into the hands of Cyrus the Persian, who became after his conquest of Babylonia became know as Cyrus the Great. God elevated Cyrus to rule over the middle-eastern world of the time. Then, God worked the heart of Cyrus to command Zerubbabel to return with a company of Israelites to the, now, colony of the former kingdom of Judah. Cyrus, also, appointed Zerubabbel governor of the colony (Ezra 1:8, 11; 5:14). Zerubabbel lead this first contingent, numbering over 42,000 back to Jerusalem. Nothing is revealed about the trip itself, except it can be induced that it took about four months to make the journey. When they first reached Jerusalem, they set up the altar of burnt offerings, then they proceeded to lay the foundation of the new temple, thus beginning the task of re-establishing the Temple as a symbol of God's covenant presence with His people. However, adversaries of the Jews came from Samaria and offered to help Zerubabbel and the Jews to rebuild the Temple. These adversaries were people brought to Samaria by the Assyrian kings before the exile of Judah and Benjamin to Babylonia. But Zerubbabel and the other leaders refused to accept their help as seen in Ezra 4. Zerubbabel did not accept the offer of these foreign people, in contrast to Joshua's being deceived by the Gibeonite's when he brought the Israelites into the land (Joshua 9:27). Later, however, during the reign Artaxerxes, opponents of the Jews managed to succeed in stopping the work on the Temple (refer to Ezra 4:6-24). However, during the reign of Darius, the work on the temple resumed and was completed. A great celebration was held to dedicate the new Temple as seen in Ezra 6:16-22. Thus the work of Zerubabbel was completed; he had brought the first returnees back to Jerusalem, and under his direction the Temple was rebuilt. It is not known how Zerubabbel died. Zerubabbel was never made king of Judah; but he was the crown prince next in line to the throne with no sitting as king. For all purposes, he did perform the legal sanctioned role of ruler over the people of God, and administrator of the land. Zerubabbel took charge and lead his people out of the bondage that had been Babylonia, just as Moses had lead the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt. Then, like Joshua, Zerubbabel lead the people into the promised land. Like David, Zerubbabel

Free Essays on Traffic Jams

Rodeo Traffic Have you ever been driving on a Houston highway when traffic slows to a crawl? You inch along for many minutes while waiting to see the accident, which must have caused the jam, but the jam is over and there was no accident. Traffic has been the highlight of the Rodeo this year. Rodeo traffic has been caused by over population of vehicles, construction, and mind wandering drivers. Over crowded highways has always been a problem in Houston, and since the Rodeo was recently in town there seemed to be even more automobiles on the road. Newcomers and Rodeo fans heading into Houston at an all time high this year. This year they decided to have no parking at the Rodeo everyone had to park and rides at destination Metro Park and ride locations. It was reported that commuters had two and three hour bus rides just to be dropped of miles away from the Rodeo entrance. The Metro Park and ride was definitely ineffective in decreasing traffic. The constructing of new roads to decrease traffic actually caused more traffic than before restructuring of new highways. There are over thirty-five major road construction sites in Houston, which only increased the traffic congestion. With construction in progress in Houston it created road blockage therefore drivers had to take long detours to get to their destinations. Although, overcrowded highways and freeway construction are the two main bases for traffic build up during the Rodeo season reckless drivers must also take the blame for traffic jams. Careless drivers should take the majority of the blame for traffic delay because they are always preoccupied while driving. They always focus on everything but driving, like chatting on their cell phone, piling on make up, indulging them selves with food, or deeply into the conversation with the passengers. Rodeo traffic problems were caused by overpopulation of drivers, many people commuting to Houston to enjoy the Rodeo, various con... Free Essays on Traffic Jams Free Essays on Traffic Jams Rodeo Traffic Have you ever been driving on a Houston highway when traffic slows to a crawl? You inch along for many minutes while waiting to see the accident, which must have caused the jam, but the jam is over and there was no accident. Traffic has been the highlight of the Rodeo this year. Rodeo traffic has been caused by over population of vehicles, construction, and mind wandering drivers. Over crowded highways has always been a problem in Houston, and since the Rodeo was recently in town there seemed to be even more automobiles on the road. Newcomers and Rodeo fans heading into Houston at an all time high this year. This year they decided to have no parking at the Rodeo everyone had to park and rides at destination Metro Park and ride locations. It was reported that commuters had two and three hour bus rides just to be dropped of miles away from the Rodeo entrance. The Metro Park and ride was definitely ineffective in decreasing traffic. The constructing of new roads to decrease traffic actually caused more traffic than before restructuring of new highways. There are over thirty-five major road construction sites in Houston, which only increased the traffic congestion. With construction in progress in Houston it created road blockage therefore drivers had to take long detours to get to their destinations. Although, overcrowded highways and freeway construction are the two main bases for traffic build up during the Rodeo season reckless drivers must also take the blame for traffic jams. Careless drivers should take the majority of the blame for traffic delay because they are always preoccupied while driving. They always focus on everything but driving, like chatting on their cell phone, piling on make up, indulging them selves with food, or deeply into the conversation with the passengers. Rodeo traffic problems were caused by overpopulation of drivers, many people commuting to Houston to enjoy the Rodeo, various con...

Germaine Greer Quotes

Germaine Greer Quotes Germaine Greer, Australian feminist later living in London, published The Female Eunuch in 1970, with its feisty tone assuring her place in the public eye as an in your face feminist. Her later books, including Sex and Destiny: the Politics of Human Fertility and The Change: Women, Ageing, and Menopause, drew fire from feminists and others. Less well known is her career as a literature scholar and professor, where her unique perspective comes through, as in her 2000 essay, Female Impersonator, about male poets speaking as female voices, or her book, Slip-shod Sibyls: Recognition, Rejection, and the Woman Poet, where she controversially suggests that a reason many pre-modern women poets are absent from standard curricula is that they were not that skilled, focused on the morbid exercise of wallowing in emotion. Selected Germaine Greer Quotations Womens liberation, if it abolishes the patriarchal family, will abolish a necessary substructure of the authoritarian state, and once that withers away Marx will have come true willy-nilly, so lets get on with it. I think that testosterone is a rare poison. The real theater of the sex war is the domestic hearth. The surest guide to the correctness of the path that women take is joy in the struggle. Revolution is the festival of the oppressed. I didnt fight to get women out from behind vacuum cleaners to get them onto the board of Hoover. The house wife is an unpaid employee in her husbands house in return for the security of being a permanent employee. Man made one grave mistake: in answer to vaguely reformist and humanitarian agitation he admitted women to politics and the professions. The conservatives who saw this as the undermining of our civilization and the end of the state and marriage were right after all; it is time for the demolition to begin. Yet if a woman never lets herself go, how will she ever know how far she might have got? If she never takes off her high-heeled shoes, how will she ever know how far she could walk or how fast she could run? One may not reach the dawn save by the path of the night. After centuries of conditioning of the female into the condition of perpetual girlishness called femininity, we cannot remember what femaleness is. Though feminists have been arguing for years that there is a self-defining female energy, and a female libido that is not expressed merely in response to demands by the male, and a female way of being and of experiencing the world, we are still not close to understanding what it might be. Yet every mother who has held a girl child in her arms has known that she was different from a boy child and that she would approach the reality around her in a different way. She is a female and she will die female, and though many centuries should pass, archaeologists would identify her skeleton as the remains of a female creature. The blind conviction that we have to do something about other peoples reproductive behavior, and that we may have to do it whether they like it or not, derives from the assumption that the world belongs to us, who have so expertly depleted its resources, rather than to them, who have not. The compelled mother loves her child as the caged bird sings. The song does not justify the cage nor the love the enforcement. The management of fertility is one of the most important functions of adulthood. Perhaps women have always been in closer contact with reality than men: it would seem to be the just recompense for being deprived of idealism. All that remains to the mother in modern consumer society is the role of scapegoat; psychoanalysis uses huge amounts of money and time to persuade analysis and to foist their problems on to the absent mother, who has no opportunity to utter a word in her own defense. Hostility to the mother in our societies is an index of mental health. Mother is the dead heart of the family, spending fathers earnings on consumer goods to enhance the environment in which he eats, sleeps, and watches the television. There has come into existence, chiefly in America, a breed of men who claim to be feminists. They imagine that they have understood what women want and that they are capable of giving it to them. They help with the dishes at home and make their own coffee in the office, basking the while in the refulgent consciousness of virtue. Such men are apt to think of the true male feminists as utterly chauvinistic. The sight of women talking together has always made men uneasy; nowadays it means rank subversion. Women fail to understand how much men hate them. All men hate some women some of the time and some men hate all women all of the time. The tragedy of machismo is that a man is never quite man enough. For a male child to become a man, he has to reject his mother. Its an essential part of masculinisation. Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. It has no mother. All societies on the verge of death are masculine. A society can survive with only one man; no society will survive a shortage of women. The most threatened group in human societies as in animal societies is the unmated male: the unmated male is more likely to wind up in prison or in an asylum or dead than his mated counterpart. He is less likely to be promoted at work and he is considered a poor credit risk. Human beings have an inalienable right to invent themselves; when that right is pre-empted it is called brain-washing. Freedom is fragile and must be protected. To sacrifice it, even as a temporary measure, is to betray it. Older women can afford to agree that femininity is a charade, a matter of colored hair, ecru lace, and whalebones, the kind of slap and tat that transvestites are in love with, and no more. Women over fifty already form one of the largest groups in the population structure of the Western world. As long as they like themselves, they will not be an oppressed minority. In order to like themselves they must reject trivialization by others of who and what they are. A grown woman should not have to masquerade as a girl in order to remain in the land of the living. Youre only young once, but you can be immature forever. The older womans love is not love of herself, nor of herself mirrored in a lovers eyes, nor is it corrupted by need. It is a feeling of tenderness so still and deep and warm that it gilds every grass blade and blesses every fly. It includes the ones who have a claim on it, and a great deal else besides. I wouldnt have missed it for the world. Love, love, love- all the wretched cant of it, masking egotism, lust, masochism, fantasy under a mythology of sentimental postures, a welter of self-induced miseries and joys, blinding and masking the essential personalities in the frozen gestures of courtship, in the kissing and the dating and the desire, the compliments and the quarrels which vivify its barrenness. Oh, because falling in love turns you into an immediate bore. And its dreadful. Every time a woman makes herself laugh at her husbands often-told jokes she betrays him. The man who looks at his woman and says What would I do without you? is already destroyed. The only perfect love to be found on earth is not sexual love, which is riddled with hostility and insecurity, but the wordless commitment of families, which takes as its model mother-love. This is not to say that fathers have no place, for father-love, with its driving for self-improvement and discipline, is also essential to survival, but that uncorrected father-love, father-love as it were practiced by both parents, is a way to annihilation. Every time a man unburdens his heart to a stranger he reaffirms the love that unites humanity. If a person loves only one other person, and is indifferent to his fellow men, his love is not love but a symbiotic attachment, or an enlarged egotism. English culture is basically homosexual in the sense that the men only really care about other men. The principle of the brotherhood of man is narcissistic... for the grounds for that love have always been the assumption that we ought to realize that we are the same the whole world over. Woman cannot be content with health and agility: she must make exorbitant efforts to appear something that never could exist without a diligent perversion of nature. Is it too much to ask that women be spared the daily struggle for superhuman beauty in order to offer it to the caresses of a subhumanly ugly mate? It is fatally easy for Western folk, who have discarded chastity as a value for themselves, to suppose that it can have no value for anyone else. At the same time as Californians try to re-invent celibacy, by which they seem to mean perverse restraint, the rest of us call societies which place a high value on chastity backward. Loneliness is never more cruel than when it is felt in close propinquity with someone who has ceased to communicate. Even crushed against his brother in the Tube the average Englishman pretends desperately that he is alone. I mean, in Britain its two women a week killed by their partner. Thats a shocking statistic. Most women still need a room of their own and the only way to find it may be outside their own home. There is no such thing as security. There never has been. Probably the only place where a man can feel really secure is in a maximum security prison, except for the imminent threat of release. Security is when everything is settled. When nothing can happen to you. Security is the denial of life. Developing the muscles of the soul demands no competitive spirit, no killer instinct, although it may erect pain barriers that the spiritual athlete must crash through. Women are reputed never to be disgusted. The sad fact is that they often are, but not with men; following the lead of men, they are most often disgusted with themselves. I have always been principally interested in men for sex. Ive always thought any sane woman would be a lover of women because loving men is such a mess. I have always wished Id fall in love with a woman. Damn. A full bosom is actually a millstone around a womans neck... [Breasts] are not parts of a person but lures slung around her neck, to be kneaded and twisted like magic putty, or mumbled and mouthed like lolly ices. The only causes of regret are laziness, outbursts of temper, hurting others, prejudice, jealousy, and envy. Perhaps catastrophe is the natural human environment, and even though we spend a good deal of energy trying to get away from it, we are programmed for survival amid catastrophe. Only one thing is certain: if pot is legalized, it wont be for our benefit but for the authorities. To have it legalized will also be to lose control of it. Act quickly, think slowly. Energy is the power that drives every human being. It is not lost by exertion but maintained by it, for it is a faculty of the psyche. Libraries are reservoirs of strength, grace and wit, reminders of order, calm and continuity, lakes of mental energy, neither warm nor cold, light nor dark. The pleasure they give is steady, unorgastic, reliable, deep and long-lasting. In any library in the world, I am at home, unselfconscious, still and absorbed. The essence of pleasure is spontaneity. Australia is a huge rest home, where no unwelcome news is ever wafted on to the pages of the worst newspapers in the world. Psychoanalysis is the confession without absolution. Evolution is what it is. The upper classes have always died out; its one of the most charming things about them. We in the West do not refrain from childbirth because we are concerned about the population explosion or because we feel we cannot afford children, but because we do not like children. Never advise anyone to go to war or to get married. Write down the advice of him who loves you, though you like it not at present. He that has no children brings them up well. It is in our interests to let the police and their employers go on believing that the Underground is a conspiracy, because it increases their paranoia and their inability to deal with what is really happening. As long as they look for ringleaders and documents they will miss their mark, which is that proportion of every personality which belongs in the Underground. Well, thats all right. I dont mind. Theyve called me mad ever since I was born. About These Quotes Quote collection  assembled by  Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection via Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Germaine Greer Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/germaine_greer.htm . Date accessed: (today).

C-T-E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

C-T-E - Essay Example The failure to identify, expressly, the conceptual model that a researcher used in his or her study leaves readers guessing within a study’s conceptual context. It is not guaranteed that readers will guess the right conceptual model and they might end up not benefitting from such studies. Clinical judgment entails the use of information observed and recorded from a patient to make conclusions. This process helps in advising patients on how to improve their health. When promoting evidence-based research, clinical judgment involves patients in deciding the best practice to be adopted in intervention while taking into account their values. The situation is another thing that is considered in clinical judgment because different situations will come with unique sets of conditions. Clinical judgment is needed in different aspects in the clinical setting including communication, decision-making, therapy, and diagnosis (Kienle & Kiene, 2011). Continuous critical analysis, knowledge, experience, and practice are needed in the development of clinical judgment. These elements accounts for the differences noted between junior and senior medical practitioners in terms of their level of clinical judgment. Senior medical practitioners emphasize theoretical knowledge less than their junior counterparts do. Previous experience of cases and course of events is central to the level of clinical judgment exuded by senior clinicians whereas it is less important to the juniors. Senior clinicians are more likely to emphasize ethical and moral considerations when making clinical judgment more than junior clinicians do (Nilsson & Pilhammar, 2009). This made Kienle and Kiene (2011) to conclude that clinical judgment can be optimized and professionalized. This explains why new interns need intense supervision while on residency. Some interns have problems during clinical rotations and supervisors have to

Digital Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Digital Economy - Essay Example The paper tells that the use of search engines for e-commerce and digital economy is one which is congruent with specific associations with how individuals respond to Internet use. There are hundreds of search engines which are available, all which are able to categorize and define the specific concepts of websites that are developed. The categorization that takes effect occurs through an algorithm that consists of traffic, keywords and links that are associated with a website. If a website has a strong association with these links, then there is the ability to create a direct connection with higher search engine ranking results. The top search engines used include Google, Yahoo and MSN, all which have over 85% of users that are using the areas to find businesses and e-commerce. For businesses to gain online recognition is also the need to have search engine rankings that make it easier for consumers to find and which add as a gateway for the search engine development which is associ ated with e-commerce. The agenda which businesses are required to find is to find ways to persuade search engines so ranking is increased and development of the search engines is more effective with specific needs. The use of search engines, while creating easier placement and recognition for consumers, is one which also consists of dynamic changes that alter with the placement of search engines. Businesses that are using search engines are required to look at the dynamics and alterations which continue to fluctuate with businesses while understanding a specific way to create and develop relationships to search engines that lead to higher results. An example of this is with tourist destinations in which travelers are directed to an e-commerce portal for the booking of tickets and other alternatives. The main approach is one which is inclusive of synthesizing the information that is available online combined with continuously maintaining the dynamics that are a part of the search eng ines. The dynamics correlate with the newer information which is required for specific destinations and how this alters the placement and information which is placed on search engines. The use of search engines and the gateways used by businesses then become based not only on the basic placement but also working with the dynamic structure of evolving information that is online to create the best responses from search engine rankings and expected results (Pan et al, 2010: 365). Growth of Search Engines for Online Business The amount of Internet access which individuals have is continuing to grow each year and is dominating the market with those who are interested in accessing information and different businesses. Denmark, Sweden, Norway and the UK are leading the online business trends with over 90% of individuals which have the Internet and regularly access

Egypt and Mesopotamia Comparison Essay Example for Free

Egypt and Mesopotamia Comparison Essay Egypt and Mesopotamia not only differed in their trade and culture, but also in their politics and form of government. Despite the differences though, one is able to notice several similarities between the two civilizations. First of all, Mesopotamia was ruled by kings and queens and nobles could usually attain power as they attained a higher economic status. In Egypt, it was the pharaohs who the authoritive power. In Mesopotamia, the state also had supreme power in the economy and agricultural affairs. Pharaohs were the supreme judges and law makers, as were kings in Mesopotamia. They did have advisors and religion influenced their policies, for example, religion in Egypt is the bureaucracy and actions as did in Mesopotamian civilizations. An example of how morals had an influence in the Mesopotamian laws and policies is Mesopotamian king Hammurabi’s Codes Laws on family relationships. In these codes relied heavily on the principle of lex talionis, or â€Å"the law of retaliation† basically meaning an eye for an eye. Egyptian law was based on truth, order, balance and justice in the universe. This concept allowed that everyone, with the exception of slaves, should be viewed as equals under the law. One can notice, however, that when Egyptians carried out punishment in their people, they would be relatively unfair. Both civilizations had politics centered around cities or populated areas. This is true because areas or centers that were more populated were more likely to support differences in ideologies, so there would tend to be more conflicts requiring a higher authorative power. The people of these two civilizations were pretty loyal to the policies, especially when they considered the consequences that they would face if they didn’t. For pharaohs in Egypt, their successors were usually their offspring and they carried the empire. In many Mesopotamians though, the kings that ruled didn’t necessarily have to be relatives of the previous kings, though they did take the ways of ruling of the previous kings to learn from them and make sure to be more efficient, as did the pharaohs.

Strain Theories of Criminal Behaviour Essay -- Strain Theories of Crim

Strain theories of criminal behaviour have been amongst the most important and influential in the field of criminology. Taking a societal approach, strain theories have sought to explain deficiencies in social structure that lead individuals to commit crime (Williams and McShane 2010). Strain theories operate under the premise that there is a societal consensus of values, beliefs, and goals with legitimate methods for achieving success. When individuals are denied access to legitimate methods for achieving success, the result is anomie or social strain. This often leads an individual to resort to deviant or criminal means to obtain the level of success that they are socialized to pursue. This is the basic premise of strain theory. This paper will explore the evolution of strain theories by first examining their intellectual foundations which laid the foundation for Robert Merton’s theories of anomie and strain. Merton’s strain theory will be discussed in detail includin g the modes of adaptation that people use when faced with societal strain. Finally, the paper will conclude with the strengths and weaknesses of Merton’s strain theory and an examination of the criminological theories and social policies it has influenced. To gain an accurate understanding of strain theories it is best to first examine their intellectual foundations. One of the most important influences on the development of strain theories was sociologist Emile Durkheim. A structural functionalist, Durkheim argued that deviance and crime were not only normal, but also served a function in society. Durkheim believed that crime served the purpose of displaying to members of society what behaviours and actions are considered unacceptable as determined by societal co... ...y are bombarded from birth that they should desire and pursue money, power, fame, and success. Without achieving these goals they are seen as failures. Strain theories have shown that placing too much emphasis on individual success and the pursuit of happiness through the accumulation of power and wealth, can lead to an increase in crime. References Featherstone, R., & Deflem, M. (2003). Anomie and strain: Context and consequences of Merton’s two theories. Sociological Inquiry, 73(4), 471-489. Murphy, D., & Robinson, M. (2008). The maximizer: clarifying Merton’s theories of anomie and strain. Theoretical Criminology, 12(4), 501-521. Willis, C. (1982). Durkheim’s concept of anomie: Some observations. Sociological Inquiry, 52(2), 106-113. Williams, F., & McShane, M. (2010). Criminological Theory, (5th Edition). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Personal Strategy Card Essay

B. Carefully describe the degree to which you use each of your Learning Patterns. (Refer to the Personal Learning Profile you developed for your Week Two assignment and any feedback provided by your instructor to determine if you need to refine your responses as you complete this section.) Sequence: When I use sequential pattern on a use first basis I feel most comfortable, knowing that if I follow everything step-by-step makes completing assignments from beginning to end without interruption go smoother. Using sequential pattern in my household makes things easier, because you find myself seeking order and consistency, even when I’m not trying to. Now, that I’ve learned about sequence learning I notice it at work more often, with my desk. Everything has to be tidy and organised, if not I feel frustrated until I get it how I want it. I found out that I tend to do well when I know I am depended on to complete the task at hand. Precision: I don’t really agree with using precise pattern on a use first basis. One thing I do enjoy doing is answering questions, but I find myself being a little to specific. Some people call me noisy, but I just like to  know exactly what’s going on. In that case everyone uses precise pattern on a use first basis. Technical Reasoning: Using technical pattern on a use first basis is what I do often. I’m always trying to solve problems without writing out answers. In my opinion people learn best from their past experience. I have no sisters or brothers so I’ve always had a stand-alone, independent attitude. Confluence: My score indicated that I use the confluence learning pattern, as needed which is understandable. I guess it’s a good thing to have confluence to be used on a as needed basis, because these patterns tend to lay dormant until I need to wake them up and let them know that they need to be used. Sometimes I believe my ideas are just a little bit better then the next person, but I blame that on being the only child. There’s nothing wrong with taking a risk, but I think you have to decide the right time to take a risk. C. Identify all verbs and specific terms from the assignment instructions and describe how each Learning Pattern will be used to effectively complete the Week 5 assignment. (Critically review the Final Reflection assignment in Week Five and decode it.) Sequence: The assignment is asking you to group, review, develop, classify and show examples for each one verbs that belongs in the sequence learning pattern. Precision: It’s asking for you to explain and identify your learning patterns and describe what type of learner you are. Technical Reasoning: Technical Reasoning is not needed, because there isn’t anything specific that needs to be written briefly. Now it does say write five paragraphs 2 to 3 sentences long, but in my eyes thats not brief. In this pattern you aren’t using your hands to build anything. Confluence: This assignment is asking you to creatively think and originate the assignment as a whole. D. Explain how you will Forge, Intensify, or Tether (FIT) your Learning Patterns to implement personal strategies so you can complete the Week Five assignment efficiently and effectively. (If you do not need to FIT a Pattern, include a description of the strategies you naturally use which help you to be successful on these types of tasks.) Sequence: I’ll tether my sequence pattern, because I like things to be perfect so I don’t have to worry about my assignments being turned in late. If I continue to tether my sequence to perfection, this will give me more time to turn in my assignments no matter what class i’m taking. Precision: Intensifying this pattern involves me using the information that i’ve lerned and gathered during this course for the past five week. At the same time document how this course has affected my way of learning and writing. Technical Reasoning: I don’t believe that there are stategies for technical reasoning, because this assignment requires you to reflect and use detailed writing about what was learned during this course. Confluence: By escalating my brainstorming and coming up with better ideas that can be used to improve my writing assignments. It should be tethered because if I use too many ideas in my writing I could confuse my reader.

Defining Security

Defining Security â€Å"Security† comes from a broader subject referred to International Relations which is the study of all political cooperation that occurs between states that have their own government, international organizations with or without government influence, and some wealthy separate individuals. â€Å"Security Studies concerns itself with a sub-set of those political interactions marked by their particular importance in terms of maintaining the security of actor† (Hough 2008: 2).Depending on the emergency of security of an actor will depend how a government or country will act on the security measure. For example, concerns relating to health and rights of the people will be at top on the global political agenda compare to other events such as natural disasters or mass killings are rarely seen as security concerns. It might be of importance to the people that these events are happening to, but not to the people not being affected. There are four main paradi gms of International Relations that affect issues in security.Those paradigms are Realism, Pluralism, Marxism, and Social Constructivism. Realism is the idea that states should be self-centered, competitive, and should look after themselves and not trust any other states. The state should do anything within its reach to expand its power in wherever possible being in military or economic sectors in order to secure themselves and be at the top. Realists tend to favor governments that separate the high and low politics and best serve the national interest.Low politics such as health issues, welfare, and other issues of that sort should be dealt at a domestic level and is separate from high politics, such as war. The idea globalization in the 60’s and 70’s took International Relations to a different perspective because not only did they have to deal with military power issues but now they had economic power issues to worry about. That’s where Neo-Realism developed. Neo-realism still maintained the self-centered approach on the states but also included the idea to expand their powers beyond the sector of military and focus on to the state’s economy.In addition to Realism, another paradigm that affected issues in security was Pluralism. Pluralism was developed from a group of scholars that believed that Neo-realism had developed far enough from Realism. Pluralists believed that the pursuit of military power and economic power by a state, which was the idea derived from the thinking of Realism was too simple. â€Å"Pluralists, as the term implies, consider that a plurality of actors, rather than just states, exert influence on the world stage† (Hough 2008: 4).Pluralism, which was built from the idea of liberalism, stated that the interests of individuals would be better served in an environment where their own governments would stop controlling their lives. Unlike realism, pluralists thought of â€Å"low politic† concerns as priorities for International Relations. The paradigm of Marxism focused more on economic concerns rather than military or any other power. Marxism viewed globalization to an idea of the past; there was nothing new in the idea of globalization.Globalization was just a different way to demonstrate that the states with large economies would exploit the smaller ones. sort of like the bigger kid bullying the smaller kid. In a Marxist perspective, wars were fought for economic purposes which indicated that military power was used for economic gain instead for security. Social constructivism came into play in the 1990’s after there were many unsatisfied in the other paradigms. Social constructivism â€Å"favors a more sociological approach and advocates a greater appreciation of the cultural dimension of policy making† (Hough 2008: 6).It argued that â€Å"world stage actors† did not follow any type of rational script rather, â€Å"foreign policy reflects parochial ide ological or moral guidelines rather than objective gains† (Hough 2008:6). In the wide and narrow conceptions of security, the varied range of threats to humans have changed the whole perspective of international security, which previously had been based just on military based issues. Ullman described that a threat to security was solely based on two factors: the first, any threat that lowered the quality of a states’ people and second, any threat that narrowed the policy choices of any actor of the state.After the Cold War, some traditionalist suggested for security studies to go ‘back to basics’ instead of widening their security measures to â€Å"low politics† issues, they should stick to â€Å"high politics† issues such military threat. â€Å"The widening of security did not undermine the realist logic of conventional security studies. The focus was still on the state system and seeing relationships between states governed by power. Wideni ng was simply extending the range of factors that affect state power beyond the confines of military and trade affairs† (Hough 2008: 8).As for the realist, the ideology stayed the same. The main focus was still in the state’s issues and its people, but as for the widening it, it was just the extension of some issues that affected state’s power, beyond military issues. The deepening of security was driven by pluralists and social constructivists which believed that the concept of â€Å"human security† should be based on the individual’s need that makes up the different groups that exist and not the ‘actors’ issues.With that being said, the Copenhagen School philosophy cannot be resolved by the thought of the pluralists and the social constructivists which shifts the idea of security from the states to the people. â€Å"While accepting the idea that non-military issues can be securitized and that the referent object of this can be someth ing other than a state, maintains the logic that only the state can be the securitizing actor† (Hough 2008: 9).The state would be the only one to determine if the issue that is being securitized is an existential threat and if needs to be acted upon. The securitization of issues must be determined by the state’s government and be prioritized by if it’s a ‘low or high politics’ issue. As mentioned in the book, South Africa was one of the first countries that shifted away from military priority to a health priority. â€Å"The proportion of South Africa’s (GDP) Gross Domestic Product spent on military defense is 1. 5 per cent and the overall proportion on health is 3. percent† (UNDP 2002). Today, military threats in some countries are still their priority but global leaders are still able to balance their military and health expense. In conclusion, â€Å"Security† comes from a broader subject referred to International Relations. The paradigms that affect issues in security are realism, pluralism, Marxism, and social constructivism, having realist being the one which has dominated the study of security focuses on military security and to serve the state’s best interest.Although the Marxist idea was to focus more on economic issues instead of military or any other issues, the pluralist and the social constructivist perspective changed the spectrum of international security from what was once solely based on military issues had broaden to other ‘low politics’ issues such as concerns relating to health and rights of the people, so basically shifting the idea of security from the states to the people.In the end, the securitization of issues must be determined by the state’s government and must be prioritized by if it’s a ‘low or high politics’ issue. Workcited Hough, Peter. 2008. Understanding Global Security (2nd Edition). New York: Routledge. â€Å"United Nations De velopment Programme† http://www. undp. org/

Biography of Sylvia Plath †Composition Research Paper

Biography of Sylvia Plath – Composition Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Biography of Sylvia Plath Composition Research Paper Introduction The first time I came into contact with Sylvia Plath’s poem was in an English poetry class. I was deeply impressed by her poem, â€Å"Mirror† and I heard the instructor saying that Sylvia Plath ended her life by killing herself. This piece of news aroused my interest in Sylvia Plath ,and pushed me to get to know more about her. The more I get to know Sylvia Plath, the more I get to like her and feel sorry for her. After I read some of her poems, and her biography, I discover that she was a very brilliant and talented person. Sylvia Plath’s Collected Poems won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1982, nearly twenty years after her death on Februrary 11,1963. This was a rare event: the Pulitzer is almost never given posthumously1. Her death was a great loss to the readers as well as to her children who had to spend a long time dealing with the pains and getting over. As a mother, wife, writer, and person experienced with marital breakup and depression, Sylvia had mental breakdowns for several times. Her husband’s infidelity especially triggered her depression to kill herself. However, the depression that was endemic in her fathers family also troubled her during her junior year. She was given bi-polar electroconvulsive shock treatments as an out-patient. In August 1953, she attempted suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills. According to the above-mentioned information, the reasons that led Sylvia Plath to commit suicide are complicated, and I would try to discuss them as carefully as I can. Life Stages Sylvia Plath’s life can be divided into several stages and at each stage there are some potential influence which might trigger her depression and breakdown later in her life. There are four main stages in her life: childhood, adolescence, college life, and marriage. Childhood Sylvia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 27 October, 1932; the older child of Otto and Aurelia Schoeber Plath. Her father was professor of German and a specialist on bees at Boston University; her mother, a high school teacher. Both of her parents valued learning, and this paved the way for Sylvia’s success and talents in literature. When she was eight, her German father, a professor at Boston University, died of diabetes. Otto Plath’s death brought up great influence to Sylvia, especially for Aurelia showing little grief herself about Otto Plath’s death. â€Å"Aurelia decided that Otto’s appearance was so forbidding that she did not let her children see him. Much later, Sylvia showed great anger toward Aurelia, accusing her of having no grief at Otto’s death. There is, in fact, some suggestion that Sylvia was disoriented enough by her father’s death, or the circumstances surround it, that she wished to die herselfor so she late r told friends.†1 Losing Otto, then, made Sylvia grow increasingly dependent on her mother, and Sylvia’s sense of insecurity was shown in one event: She came home from school on the day she learned of Otto’s death, she brought a note for Aurelia to sign. It promised that her mother would never remarry. This also revealed that Sylvia expected events to revolve around her, and always central in the life of her family. This may potentially lead her to accept things that didn’t go the way she expected with great difficulties later in her marriage. Adolescence During Sylvia Plath’s teen, she had performed quite well at school, and she was stepping toward maturity. But she would often revert to the fears that had surfaced after her father’s death. Near the end of her junior high years, her mother was offered the position of Dean of Women at Northeastern University in Boston. This was undoubtedly a good opportunity for Mrs. Plath to ues her remarkable talents in dealing with people as well as for an increase in prestige and money. However, when Mrs. Plath talking with her children about the change, Sylvia responded angrily, †For your self-aggrandisement you would make us complete orphans!†1 Aurelia declined the job offer. The sense of dependence and the narcissism that were to mark, and sometimes ruin, Sylvia’s relationships in the future clearly originated in her childhood fear of abandonment. That dear would surface unexpectedlyand always detrimentallyin the years ahead. From this event, Sylvia showed g reat anger about the job offer of Mrs. Plath, and the accusation that Sylvia filed to defense against was Mrs. Plath’s decision would make them orphans. A fierce announcement like this deeply resulted from the insecurity and fear of Sylvia Plath. She was afraid of or hated the fact that she would probably be left behind, and experience the pains of loss. This kind of fear was doomed to trap herself in the future. College Life Sylvia Plath was active in writing during her college life, and worked very hard on her works. Her suicide attempt happened n Sylvia’s junior year, during 1952-1953, was a critical period of time. On 24 August 1953, Plath left a note saying, Have gone for a long walk. Will be home tomorrow. 1She took a blanket, a bottle of sleeping pills, a glass of water with her down the stairs to the cellar. There she crept into a two and a half-foot entrance to the crawl space underneath the porch. She began swallowing the pills in gulps of water and fell unconscious for more than two days. Before this suicide attempt, she had been in therapy or having shock treatment, and had been in a very desperate situation, and emotional break down. When Sylvia Plath was fronted with too much pressure to bear, she tended to run away, and refused to believe the reality. Death became her best choice, and she thought it might help her escape from the painful shock treatment. Also, this showed Sylvia Plath’s vulnerability and sensitivity to fears. Marriage Sylvia learns of Teds affair with Assia Wevill in July of 1962, and Ted’s infidelity caused tremendous humiliation, anger, and pains to Sylvia. Being betrayed and cheated, Sylvia abandoned herself into despair. The blow was immensely overpowering. Their relationship turned out to be broken and torn into pieces. In this sense, Sylvia and Ted were polar opposites; Ted was flirtatious and adulterous, while Sylvia was blindly faithful. Teds only rival was death. Later in the year, Sylvia reveals that she wants a separation from Ted, and later, a divorce. Ted would later on consent to a divorce as well. After searching in London for a suitable flat, Sylvia finds 23 Fitzroy Road, where the poet Yeats once lived. She takes the upstairs maisonette for her and the children. In January of 1963, Sylvia is alone with her two young children at Fitzroy Road, poor, during a furiously cold winter, while Ted was off in Spain cavorting with his mistress. This undoubtedly contributed to Syl vias mental anguish, though the exact reason for her death will never be known. It was on the morning of February 11, 1963 that Sylvia ended her life. Her suicide was painstakingly executed. She carefully protected her children by sealing off their room with towels and tape, opening their window, and she left food for them. Sylvia died by carbon monoxide poisoning from her oven. Conclusion Twenty century is said to be an age of anxiety, and it seems many writers ended their lives by committing suicides. It may be the matter of value standard which differs from century to century, and how people think about â€Å"suicide† Sylvia’s death left her Husband Ted Hughes being criticized by feminist groups, who held Sylvia as a martyr as her fame grew to cult status, blaming him for her death for having abandoned her in despair with two children to care for. Her husband’s infidelity was a leading factor related to Sylvia Plath’s suicide, but if in the view of existentialism, it was Sylvia Plath herself or her severe mental illness led her to self-destruction. Besides, the poor interpersonal relationship of Sylvia when in Devon also added the feeling of isolation and despair to her. With little help, she got stuck in an extremely desperate situation. But Sylvias suicide seems incomprehensible, particularly in light of her children. Her mental ill ness, and severe depression, even when it stems from external life events, is often biochemical. The brain chemistry is awry and therefore what one might call lack of hope or inability to prevail really does not apply. Some, I believe, really are more fragile in the face of circumstance than others. Bibliography: Wagner,Linda W. Sylvia Plath :the critical heritage. London :Routledge ,1997. Alexander, Paul. Rough magic :a biography of Sylvia Plath. New York :Penguin Books ,1991. Wagner-Martin, Linda. Sylvia Plath :a biography. New York :St. Martins Press,c1987. Axelrod, Steven Gould. Sylvia Plath :the wound and the cure of words. Baltimore :Johns Hopkins University Press,c1990. Malcolm, Janet. The silent woman :Sylvia Plath Ted Hughes. New York :A.A. Knopf :1994.Distributed by Random House. Hughes, Ted, and Frances Monson, McCullough. The journals of Sylvia Plath.New York :Dial Press,c1982. Plath, Sylvia. Collected poems. London ;Faber and Faber,1981. Plath, Sylvia, and Aurelia Schober, Plath. Letters home :correspondence, 1950-1963. New York :Harper Row,c1975. Plath, Sylvia. The bell jar. New York,Bantam[1972] 89[2000] Research Papers on Biography of Sylvia Plath - Composition Research PaperArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMind TravelHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Fifth HorsemanTrailblazing by Eric AndersonComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

The Origins and Proliferation of Pan-Africanism

The Origins and Proliferation of Pan-Africanism Pan-Africanism was initially an anti-slavery and anti-colonial movement amongst black people of Africa and the diaspora in the late 19th century. Its aims have evolved through the ensuing decades. Pan-Africanism has covered calls for African unity (both as a continent and as a people), nationalism, independence, political and economic cooperation, and historical and cultural awareness (especially for Afrocentric versus Eurocentric interpretations). History of Pan-Africanism Some claim that Pan-Africanism goes back to the writings of ex-slaves such as Olaudah Equiano and Ottobah Cugoano. Pan-Africanism here related to the ending of the slave trade, and the need to rebut the scientific claims of African inferiority. For Pan-Africanists, such as Edward Wilmot Blyden, part of the call for African unity was to return the diaspora to Africa, whereas others, such as Frederick Douglass, called for rights in their adopted countries. Blyden and James Africanus Beale Horton, working in Africa, are seen as the true fathers of Pan-Africanism, writing about the potential for African nationalism and self-government amidst growing European colonialism. They, in turn, inspired a new generation of Pan-Africanists at the turn of the twentieth century, including  JE Casely Hayford, and Martin Robinson Delany (who coined the phrase Africa for Africans later picked up by Marcus Garvey). African Association and Pan-African Congresses Pan-Africanism gained legitimacy with the founding of the African Association in London in 1897, and the first Pan-African conference held, again in London, in 1900. Henry Sylvester Williams, the power behind the African Association, and his colleagues were interested in uniting the whole of the African diaspora  and gaining political rights for those of African descent. Others were more concerned with the struggle against colonialism and Imperial rule in Africa and the Caribbean.  Dusà © Mohamed Ali, for example, believed that change could only come through economic development. Marcus Garvey combined the two paths, calling for political and economic gains as well as a return to Africa, either physically or through a return to an Africanized ideology. Between the World Wars, Pan-Africanism was influenced by communism and trade unionism, especially through the writings of George Padmore, Isaac Wallace-Johnson, Frantz Fanon, Aimà © Cà ©saire, Paul Robeson, CLR James, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Walter Rodney. Significantly, Pan-Africanism had expanded out beyond the continent into Europe, the Caribbean, and the Americas. W.E.B. Du Bois organized a series of Pan-African Congresses in London, Paris, and New York in the first half of the twentieth century. International awareness of Africa was also heightened by the Italian invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935. Also between the two World Wars, Africas two main colonial powers, France and Britain, attracted a younger group of Pan-Africanists: Aimà © Cà ©saire, Là ©opold Sà ©dar Senghor, Cheikh Anta Diop, and Ladipo Solanke. As student activists, they gave rise to Africanist philosophies such as Nà ©gritude. International Pan-Africanism had probably reached its zenith by the end of World War II when W.E.B Du Bois held the fifth Pan-African Congress in Manchester in 1945. African Independence After World War II, Pan-Africanist interests once more returned to the African continent, with a particular focus on African unity and liberation. A number of leading Pan-Africanists, particularly George Padmore and W.E.B. Du Bois, emphasized their commitment to Africa by emigrating (in both cases to Ghana) and becoming African citizens. Across the continent, a new group of Pan-Africanists arose amongst the nationalists- Kwame Nkrumah, Sà ©kou Ahmed Tourà ©, Ahmed Ben Bella, Julius Nyerere, Jomo Kenyatta, Amilcar Cabral, and Patrice Lumumba. In 1963, the Organization of African Unity was formed to advance cooperation and solidarity between newly independent African countries and fight against colonialism. In an attempt to revamp the organization, and move away from it being seen as an alliance of African dictators, it was re-imagined in July 2002 as the African Union. Modern Pan-Africanism Pan-Africanism today is seen much more as a cultural and social philosophy than the politically driven movement of the past. People, such as Molefi Kete Asante, hold to the importance of ancient Egyptian and Nubian cultures being part of a (black) African heritage and seek a re-evaluation of Africas place, and the diaspora, in the world. Sources: Adi, Hakim and Sherwood, Marika. Pan-African History: Political figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787. Routledge. 2003.Ali, A. Mazrui. and Currey, James. General History of Africa: VIII Africa Since 1935. 1999.Reid, Richard J. A History of Modern Africa. Wiley-Blackwell. 2009.Rothermund, Dietmar. The Routledge Companion to Decolonization. Routledge. 2006.

The nature of communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The nature of communication - Essay Example The manager’s complaint was that the area was not cleaned to her liking in the allotted time. She was accurate in her assessment, but because of mitigating circumstances, including an extensive influx of customers late in the evening, and minimal help from co-workers who had left earlier, she mis-communicated the blame. While elements of her criticism were effective, a great deal of it was misdirected as it was founded on erroneous assumptions. It fell short in that it didn’t leave room for a dialogue to occur that could create a constructive solution. Instead, the observations were relayed in a way that spoke to the necessarily limited perspective of one individual. For work place communication to be effective, open communication among workers within the organization must be promoted. Without this collaborative environment, the workplace becomes dry and monotonous and the creativity necessary for beneficial improvements is squashed. I believe effective communicators embody a number of positive traits that emerge when they relate to fellow human beings. In the situation at my work, communication did not occur because there was not an open dialogue occurring between the two individuals, but a one sided lecture. Effective communicators must take an interest in the people they communicate with, as nobody wants to listen to someone who isn’t engaged in the conversation. It’s important they look at the person’s eyes as it indicates that you are intent and engaged in the conversation. They speak clearly and directly, using language suitable for the conversation. While situations and types of language will differ greatly, effective communicators have a way of speaking that goes beyond merely giving a speech. They are able to strategically and competently relate to the individual and adapt the conversation to better convey the message they are attempting to impart. In not opening the

Labor Relations and Their Effects in an Organization Research Paper

Labor Relations and Their Effects in an Organization - Research Paper Example Labor relations also termed as labor management define business that takes place between the labor unions and employers. There is usually a liaison between the management and the labor union. Large organizations go to the extent of employing a relation specialist to link up the labor union and management. Smaller organizations will have a human resource manager to link up the two. He can then present the interest of the labor unions to the management of the organization at hand. Labor relation activities include negotiation of contracts, employee grievances and complain arbitration, mediation and other business matters. The labor relations ensure that the interests of employees are well presented before the management. Labor union and labor relations impact significantly on an organization. The impact that this labor union and relations have on an organization depend on the relationship that exists between the management in the organization and the union representatives. In an organization that has skilled workers and trades people, there are excellent relations as they readily accept the union. These mean that they have been conditioned to expect these unions. It is, however, not always the case in all organizations as there are those that do not want to make concessions. Concessions apply during contract negotiations. If unions and management are ready to work together, then labor unions will have a great impact on organizations. There are negative and positive effects that accrue from the labor relations and unions that are brought about in the organization. Benefits that accrue to employees are many. Unions have seen wages for employees increased. The high wages also go to the underperforming employees attracting the wrong pool of workers in the organization.

Gun Control In America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gun Control In America - Essay Example However, it has also been viewed that most of the people living within the country prefers keeping gun as a safety measure to avoid any such critical situations, which directly relates with the life of people (World Health Organization, 2002). Thesis Statement The main objective of this essay is to provide a valid argument regarding Gun control in America. This paper intends to describe about the implementation of gun policies within America to control the rising crime resulting from possession of gun by the common people within the country. Additionally, the paper also contains supporting statement made by many critics. Discussion In-favor The topic of gun control has been in debate amongst many critics, as it has been viewed that the crime rate resulting from possession of gun has risen to a great extent. The violence resulting from possession of firearms in the United States is considerably high, as compare to other developed countries. However, the recent increase in the crime ra te has force the government to implement new laws that restricts certain categories of individuals from possessing firearm as a safety measure. ... rior to the mass shooting on August 5, 2012, a 40 years old individual who worked with the U.S army was found entering a Sikh temple and committed a mass shooting resulting in death of 6 people and 3 critically wounded. Furthermore, it has been mentioned that one of the individual whom the offender allegedly shot several times was a police officer. Later, it was found that Wade Page the offender legally bought the guns from a registered ammunition shop located in West Allis, Wisconsin through cash payment (Krouse, 2012). Against Although, it has been observed that there exist many situations, where the use of gun has been illegally used causing harm to the general public. But in a country were crime rates are increasing at a rapid speed, it has been ascertained that people prefer keeping gun as a safety measure as it helps them to be secured in situations such as robbery, theft and rape among others. For instance, according to a survey conducted in 1993 amid 4977 families showed that 0.5% of the total number of people used gun for defensing themselves. They also stated that using gun was needed; otherwise they would have been killed by the offender. Additionally, on the basis of another survey being conducted in the year 1994, it was revealed that the people generally use gun to frighten away invaders who breaks into their houses almost 498,000 times per year. Furthermore, it has been estimated that in the year 2009, the country had a total population of 307 million people out of which almost 300 million of the civilians owned firearms within the country (Peaceful Americans against War, Violence and Gun Proliferation PAC, 2010). The aforementioned facts and figures contradict the control of arms and ammunition by the common people within U.S.A. Three to Four Pieces of

Systems development life cycle.

Systems development life cycle. SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE. Business Dilemma There is no potential issue as unique employee identification is important to any business that wants to provide security to its organization and its employees, thus is also convenient. The issue here is that tracking employee hours worked based on their last name is not suitable as employees might have similar last names. Therefore might be convenient for it to be based on their employee identification as the identification card will have a unique pin number for each employee. The issue here is that the employees should be given options regarding discretion for working hours since some of the employees might not have the necessary to work 8 hours due to some reason that should be made known at the beginning of employment. The main potential issue here is that there shouldnt be a standard rate and that double time and time and a half rates should be taken into consideration. Managers should be scheduled to work morning and evening shifts. In other words they should be their throughout the day to oversee the running smoothly of the business. Also, when unseen circumstances arise managers are there to offer support, help and make the necessary decisions. The issue here is that employees might have to attend to unforeseen circumstances so therefore the 8 hours of working time might be a lot for some of the employees because emergencies can occur at any given moment. Server s should be allowed to work all three shifts as it will provide them with options. There is no issue here as managers are in charge of who to hire and therefore should also be allowed to delete and change employees from the system. MAKING BUSINESS DECISION 1 1. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING AN EMPLOYEE TO BUILD A CUSTOM SYSTEM. ADVANTAGES An employee building the custom system will be cheaper than it being purchased. It will be easier for employees to use and understand as it is build by one of their own colleagues. There will be less time for training. (Explain) DISADVANTAGES It will take valuable business time for the employee to build the custom system. The business might have to hire a professional to look at the new system hence will be costly for the business. The new system might be prone to error which will contribute to the expense of the business as they will have to refer to professional help. ADVANTAGES COTS allow for just purchasing of the components and putting it together which will be cheap for the business instead of developing a new system. It will include a description of the software functions; hence will be documented to good commercial standards as it will give the names of the resources needed to run the software. Decreases the development time for new products. The components will be readily available, comprehensive functionality and therefore potentially frequent upgrades. DISADVANTAGES The initial cost of purchasing the COTS components might be costly for the business. The components would be limited to only certain functionalities. It might cause potential unreliability. There might also be difficulty in the integration procedures. The older employees will have competency issues because they will have to learn to adjust to the new system as education will become a primary focus. There will be resistance to change by the older employees as a new system might cause insecurity of jobs. Therefore, to ensure a smooth transition training must be offered to the older employees and also ensuring that jobs are not at risk. MAKING BUSINESS DECISION 2 From reviewing the employees testimony, it is most obvious that the payroll system is functioned manually beginning from their payroll manager John Tahoe who collect the timesheets, calculates regular , overtime and holiday hours and then sends it for approval by the manager. Finally he adds the staff members commissions. From John the payments are sent to Mary Jane the tax manager for the coffee shop. Her task is to calculate city, state and federal taxes; she has to correct the incorrect check amounts issued, employees who have gone pass their sick and vacation time must be tracked by her and lastly she has to generate checks for the salaried employees. Ted Whitetaker is the store manager for the coffee shop. He is the person who signs off on all the time sheets, he checks the staff members schedule so as to validate the times on the employees timesheets, tracks vacation and sick time, thus when employees go pass the sick and vacation time when quitting he will sign a form detailin g that they have to pay back all negative vacation or sick time. Adding on, the payroll department must be finding it very time consuming and error prone when most if not all of their tasks are done manually. Firstly, the payroll manager John Tahoe is in need of a system that automatically tracks sick and vacation time and also a system that calculates regular, overtime and holiday hours that will validate the time sheet. If a new system is to be implemented than it would have to be very capable in that it is easy to use and understand. I think it would be wise to put in place a system that calculates working hours on a timesheet that is done by employees and in that they can clock in and clock it when work is done. Hence, at the end of the day John just has to check with the system. The issue here is that the employees are honest in when they clock in and clock out. Mary Jane the tax manager needs a system that automatically determines taxes and does quarterly tax filing statements, performs audits and allows for employees to perform direct deposits. The main issue here is that even if a system can automatically calculate the taxes at the end of the day it is dependent on the input of the payroll department so as to determine the right tax amount. Thus, the payroll department will have to be very thorough in their input in that it is accurate. A question that should be asked is if there is a system that performs quarterly tax auditing automatically. Additionally the input will still have to be done manually so consistency and accuracy is vital. In the case of the direct deposits, the business can just directly deposit the employees salary straight to their bank accounts but some of the employees might prefer receiving their salary from their managers on their pay day which can become an issue for the coffee shop. Lastly, Ted Whitetaker the store manager requires a system that calculates commissions, handles sales forecast and what if analysis on staff commissions rates and also a system that could design promotions for their best customers, repeat customer and customers who have never used their coffee club cards before. The main issue here is a system handling sales forecast in the sense that it is accurate and gives attainable methods of forecasting. A question that should be asked in this scenario is if there is such a system that could design promotions for customers so as to increase sales. Ted I assume will have to do this without using a system; he may have to do some research to find ways in which he can do promotions that will attract customers such as advertising. In conclusion, the three employees list of requirements for systems they want seem reasonable in that there are systems that can help them with the work but some of their need will just have to be done manually. Furthermore even with systems that could make their jobs easier, the system itself will be dependent on the input of the employees and while introducing a new system an issue that should be considered is the cost the business will have to pay in relation to time and money. Employees in the payroll department need to be accurate and precise with the data that is input into the system so as to get the best reliable and relevant information that is needed and must get the best training possible so as to use the new payroll system if implemented. APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE To involve all relevant stakeholders i.e. 1 from the Management, 1 representative from the IT department and a representative from the user. It is vital to get the system implemented with input from all perspective, mostly the users. This, system specification, is the most important aspect of system implementation. Risk Management can just implement the system without getting feedback and approval from users and other representatives in the company. It is important to interact with users in all stages of implementation, design, testing and ‘go-live. ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES BUSINESS DILEMMA The difficulty in determining the rate of return of components in the enterprise architecture is that components are sometimes not used in the business until circumstances arise when they have to be used. Especially in a small coffee shop where components are used when serving customers are said to fetch a high rate of return on investment but during an emergency then items such as a fire extinguisher can be useful and thus will have a high rate of return as it prevented destruction to the business. For example, coffee cups when purchased are used to serve customers can be said to have a return on investment for the business, thus when not in use can cause a low rate of return on investment for the business. Therefore it is difficult to determine rate of return on investments as it will depend on the structure of the business and when components are in use. Also, damaged components will bring a low rate of investment or no rate of investment at all and components that are always in use will bring a high rate of return on investment. To determine the cost vs. benefit of the proposed dishwasher, keyboard and mouse, the business will have to look at costs such as how much these three components are, will it need regular maintenance (dishwasher), whether the components are a necessity to the business or not. The benefits can be determined by how much the business will make out of this components, how long it will last the business, the rate of return on the investment of this three components, the ease of use, training is easy to dictate to employees on how to use the tree components and finally if it makes work easier and faster. MAKING BUSINESS DECISIONS 1 BENEFITS OF DEPLOYING A NEW, UNPROVEN TECHNOLOGY This will increase revenue for the coffee shop. Broadway Cafà © can have a general rule of space occupation that the customer has to buy a product. Most customers are technology savvy and they need access to internet from time to time throughout the day. It can increase productivity in that customers will be attracted to the coffee shop especially since it will offer customers the chance to access the internet from their shop via a power line. There will be advancement in communicating such as in emails, thus messages can be received instantly. CONS OF DEPLOYING A NEW AND UNPROVEN TECHNOLOGY Introducing a new system maybe costly for the business to implement, and especially in this case an unproven technology. The management team will have to perform a cost and benefit analysis and whether introducing a new technology will be an advantage or not. Regular maintenance may have to be performed which can be costly to the business. Setting up of a new technology might be time consuming for the business and thus might result in unexpected costs. Based on my findings I wouldnt implement BPL. The reason being is that it is dependent on power lines that can cause interference for other users. Also, a small coffee shop doesnt really need an internet access since it will be very costly to the business. Furthermore, BPL might not have a competitive advantage as there are other technologies that can perform better and faster than BPL. MAKING BUSINESS DECISION 2 Some of the strategies that can be used to backup a computer in case of data loss are: To make regular data security backups of data used in the business and to have it kept away safe in a remote place. Make a backup of the hard disk if a new software is being installed hence it will ensure business to get back on track in case the hard disk fails or is corrupted. All transaction and records should be well documented and kept in a safe remote place. The first third party utility that could be used is called Norton Ghost 15 Symantec New PC Backup win 7/Vista/XP. Features Protects the PCs application, settings, folders and files. It has advanced backup and recovery. Provides powerful protection such as offsite backups and Symantec. Offers incremental backups and enhanced compression that help reduce the amount of required storage, thus helps keep everything safe. It works well with most storage devices including external hard drives, networked drives and recordable and rewriteable CDs and DVDs. The price of this is in US dollars cost $29.95 converted to Fiji dollars is $53.95 excluding transportation costs to ship it from the US to Fiji. (http://www.metasearch.com/www2search.cgi?p=third+party+utilities+that+perform+backup%2Crestore+and+ghostingl=20s=o) Another third party utility is Norton Ghost 15 Backup win 7/ XP/Vista. Features It creates full system and file backups. Recovers system and data even when computer cannot be restarted. Enables convenient, secure offsite backups. Lets you decide what is backed up and when to customize backups based on how you use the computer. The cost of purchasing Norton Ghost 15 Backup is USD 25.98 (FJD $46.19). The exchange rate used for this conversion is 0.555. The cost of purchasing this software in US dollars is $25.98 and so when converted to Fiji dollars will accumulate to $46.19. (http://www.metasearch.com/www2search.cgi?p=third+party+utilities+that+perform+backup%2Crestore+and+ghostingl=20s=o) The final third party utility that can be used is the New Norton Ghost 15 Symantec, Backup Restore, and X/Vista/7. Features It has multiple storage options that offer backup to almost any media. Backups your file to network attached storage devices. It has a full system backup thats back up everything on a hard drive. Incremental and differential backups. Backups only files that have changed. In US dollars the utility would cost $25.95 and so in Fiji dollars would be $46.13. These charges are without the transportation and other costs included in getting it to Fiji. (http://www.metasearch.com/www2search.cgi?p=third+party+utilities+that+perform+backup%2Crestore+and+ghostingl=20s=o)